Compensation of Academic Loss Programme (CALP)
Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP) focuses on proficiency in academic language or language used in various subject areas in the classroom. Academic language is characterized by being abstract, context-less and specific. Apart from learning language, learners need to develop skills such as comparing, classifying, synthesizing, evaluating and inferring while developing academic abilities. It takes learners at least five years to develop the CALP. Research by Collier and Thomas (1995) has shown that children who receive no prior instruction or no assistance in native language development may take at least seven years to develop CALP.